Difference between revisions of "Laser Cutter"

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{{Infobox lasercutter
 
{{Infobox lasercutter
|machineName      = Rabbit RL-80-1290 Laser engraving/cutting machine
+
|machineName      = Rabbit QX-80-1290 Laser engraving/cutting machine
 
|image            = Laser_cutter.jpg
 
|image            = Laser_cutter.jpg
 
|caption          = Rabbit Laser Cutter
 
|caption          = Rabbit Laser Cutter
Line 7: Line 7:
 
|laserType        = Sealed CO2 laser tube
 
|laserType        = Sealed CO2 laser tube
 
|bedHeight        = ~10 inches
 
|bedHeight        = ~10 inches
|cutSpeed          = 36,000 mm/min
+
|cutSpeed          = 300 mm/s
|engraveSpeed      = 60,000 mm/min
+
|engraveSpeed      = 600 mm/s
 
|engraveResolution = 1000 DPI
 
|engraveResolution = 1000 DPI
|manual            =  
+
|manual            = RL-80-1290_User_Manual.pdf
|website          = http://www.rabbitlaserusa.com/laser_RL1290.html
+
|website          = http://www.rabbitlaserusa.com/laser_QX1290.html
|websiteText      = Rabbit RL-80-1290 Product Page
+
|websiteText      = Rabbit QX-80-1290 Product Page
 
}}
 
}}
 
The '''Laser cutter''' cuts or engraves digital designs on a variety of materials. Laser cutting is a great way to rapidly prototype projects.  
 
The '''Laser cutter''' cuts or engraves digital designs on a variety of materials. Laser cutting is a great way to rapidly prototype projects.  
  
A certification workshop, hosted by an approved instructor, is required of all members before using the laser cutter. Workshops are posted on the [http://makeict.org/calendar calendar]. Peer certification is not an approved path for use of the laser cutter.
+
An authorization workshop, hosted by an approved instructor, is required of all members before using the laser cutter. Workshops are posted on the [http://makeict.org/calendar calendar]. Peer authorization is not an approved path for use of the laser cutter.
  
Interfacing with the laser cutter is performed with [[Media:LaserCut_v5.3.zip|LaserCut v5.3]].
+
Interfacing with the laser cutter is performed with [[Lightburn]].
  
 
The laser cutter does require regular cleaning and alignment. This is to be performed by trained volunteers only.
 
The laser cutter does require regular cleaning and alignment. This is to be performed by trained volunteers only.
Line 24: Line 24:
 
== Usage ==
 
== Usage ==
 
=== Safety ===
 
=== Safety ===
 +
==== Fire Safety ====
 
Laser cutters pose a fire hazard. A high intensity beam of laser light can produce extremely high temperatures as it comes into contact with the materials it is engraving, marking, or cutting. When using the laser cutter, remember:
 
Laser cutters pose a fire hazard. A high intensity beam of laser light can produce extremely high temperatures as it comes into contact with the materials it is engraving, marking, or cutting. When using the laser cutter, remember:
# You may only use the laser cutter if you have been officially certified according to the machine access policy
+
# You may only use the laser cutter if you have been officially authorized according to the machine access policy
 
# '''Never''' leave the laser cutter unattended while it was powered on (even if it is not firing)
 
# '''Never''' leave the laser cutter unattended while it was powered on (even if it is not firing)
 
# '''Never''' cut materials that you don't know are safe
 
# '''Never''' cut materials that you don't know are safe
 
# '''Never''' override laser cutter safeties and switches
 
# '''Never''' override laser cutter safeties and switches
 
# Know what to do if a fire happens
 
# Know what to do if a fire happens
## Hint: Hit the big, red, emergency stop button. This will shutdown the laser and the air supply.
+
## Move the head out of the way, if it's small.
 +
## Hint: Hit the big, <span style="color:red">red</span>, emergency stop button. This will shutdown the laser and the air supply
 
## A Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fire extinguisher is located next to the laser cutter
 
## A Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fire extinguisher is located next to the laser cutter
 +
## Verify it is out and then: 
 +
### Place a note that a fire occurred and the machine is out of service.
 +
### Post on the [http://makeict.org/forum forum] about it, or send an email to [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
 +
### Someone from the laser group will check the machine, clean as necessary, and put it back into service.
 +
==== Eye Safety ====
 +
The laser is encased and will not fire unless the doors are shut. Do not bypass any safety lockouts or open panels without consulting the fablab lead first. Lasers can cause serious eye damage, even indirectly through scattered energy.
 +
==== Air Safety ====
 +
Many materials give off toxic fumes when cut. Do not cut unapproved, unknown or banned materials on the laser cutter. See the list of approved/banned materials on this wiki
  
=== Before starting the laser cutter===
 
# Check the coolant window in the back of the chiller before starting any project.
 
# Check that the screen in the collection bin is clean and the bin is empty.
 
  
=== After starting the laser cutter ===
+
=== Starting the laser cutter===
# Before cutting make sure the air compressor and the fan motor are on
+
# Press power button and scan your keycard
# '''Home the head!'''
+
# Make sure the air compressor, blower fans, and chiller are on
::* If you do not do this, you may crash the head, which is not good.
+
# Machine will automatically home
# Refer to the cutting manual for appropriate engraving and speed and power settings for varied materials
+
# Beware of flammable materials while using the machine
# Beware of flammable materials while using the machines.
 
  
 
=== Workflow ===
 
=== Workflow ===
# [[Designing for the laser cutter | Create design or import]]<br/>If importing, unite lines (under Tools menu)
+
A detailed step-by-step presentation of LightBurn is available here: [[Lightburn]]
# Separate layers if necessary (by changing their colors)
+
 
# Set layer modes
+
# On any computer - [[Designing for the laser cutter | Create design]] [[File:Laser cutter design - inkscape.png|thumb|Design step 1: Create your design in your favorite graphics program]]
# Set layer [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1hcqsFkV4aHuBDUGRR3EMf2EvZ3JzLvBElitJjpwiENA/edit speeds/powers]
+
#* '''Do not''' do your designs on the computers connected to the lasers
# [Optional] Set origin (under Laser menu)
+
#* LightBurn accepts the following file types:
# Download
+
#** Vector: .svg, .ai, .pdf, .dxf, .hpgl, .plt,
## Delete all
+
#** Raster: .bmp, .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .gif, .tif, .tiff, .tga
## Download current
+
#** Project files: .rd, .lbrn
# Load media into cutter
+
# At the laser cutter computer
# Focus laser (in center of media)
+
## Check the calendar http://makeict.org/lasercutter to make sure you're not running into a reservation
# Move laser to origin
+
## Start LightBurn
# Run box / test
+
 
# Close lid and start
+
<s>
 +
# LaserWeb: Files tab
 +
## Import your file into laserweb on the "files" tab.
 +
## Create setup layers for each speed and power setting
 +
# LaserWeb: Comms tab
 +
## Turn on the laser cutter with the key switch
 +
## Click "connect". If there is a circle slash over "connect", you are probably already connected
 +
# LaserWeb: Controls tab
 +
## Press Z up to increase distance between laser head and table
 +
## Home laser head
 +
## Load media into cutter [[File:Laser cutter design - sample shape.jpg|thumb|Sample of hardboard - Letter shapes are engraved, outline is cut]]
 +
## Jog head to center of media
 +
## Auto-focus
 +
## Move laser to desired origin
 +
## Set Zero
 +
## Check Size
 +
## Close lid then run job
 +
</s>
 +
 
 
# After cut is finished allow ~30 seconds before opening to vent smoke/fumes
 
# After cut is finished allow ~30 seconds before opening to vent smoke/fumes
 
  
 
=== When Finished ===
 
=== When Finished ===
Line 67: Line 90:
 
# Power off
 
# Power off
  
=== Common Issues ===
+
=== Rotary Axis ===
* Edges of cut pieces are slanted, rather than straight.
+
If you are using the rotary axis, refer to [[Laser_Cutter_Rotary_Axis | this page]]
::''The Laser is out of alignment and needs to be adjusted. Notify the Fab Lab BD.''
+
 
* The head crashes when approaching the left or bottom of the bed.
+
=== Troubleshooting Guide ===
::''The head must be homed before starting to cut. If it isn't homed there is a risk of crashing the head, which is a bad thing.''
+
* '''Bed only travels downwards'''
* Bed only travels downwards.
+
# Wiggle the probe and make sure its not jammed
::''The focus probe is stuck in the triggered position. Wiggle it loose and make sure nothing jammed.''
+
# Check to see if the upper z-limit switch is stuck
*Focus probe is broken.
+
# If none of these work, notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
::''There are spares in the kit in the cabinet on the left-hand side of the laser. When putting a thicker material in the cutter remember to lower the bed before moving the head.''
+
 
* Fumes are not venting well.
+
* '''Lines are cutting fuzzier and thicker than normal'''
::''Make sure that the screen in the collection bin under the bed is clean.''
+
# Make sure you ran the autofocus
* Unexpectedly wide rotary attachment dimensions
+
# Try focusing the laser cutter by hand if you like '''and''' notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
::''Machine Options > Worktable > RY axis pulse unit = .018238''
+
 +
* '''The laser doesn't fire'''
 +
# Open the door and reclose (the door switch might be flakey)
 +
# Check the door switch to make sure it is not broken (Close the lid. Look at the power supply. P0 on the power supply is an indicator of it being broken. A0 means it is ok.  The power supply is in the left side of the cabinet behind the lower left door would indicate this is the case.)
 +
 
 +
* '''Edges of cut pieces are slanted, rather than straight.'''
 +
:: The Laser is out of alignment and needs to be adjusted, notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
 +
 
 +
* '''Fumes are not venting well.'''
 +
# Stop cutting
 +
# Ventilation fan needs to be cleaned, notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
 +
 
 +
* '''The head hits the side of the machine. "Hard Limit Prot." error displayed on panel'''
 +
:: Head position has been lost and the head has hit a limit switch. Reset the machine. If this continues to happen notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
 +
 
 +
* '''Can't run file, "Frame Slop" error displayed on panel.'''
 +
:: The file is going to run off one of the edges of the machine. Change the starting position and/or resize your file so that it fits on the bed.
 +
 
 +
== Speed and Power Settings ==
 +
Every material and sometimes even every day is different, but here are some starting points:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Material
 +
!Power (%)
 +
!Cut Rate (mm/s)
 +
|-
 +
|Plywood - 6mm
 +
|50%
 +
|15
 +
|-
 +
|Cardboard
 +
|50%
 +
|50
 +
|-
 +
|Engraving
 +
|2-15%
 +
|300
 +
|}
 +
 
  
 
== Materials ==
 
== Materials ==
 
Cutting a bad material in the laser cutter can be dangerous. Only approved materials should be cut, and banned materials should never be placed in or even around the laser cutter. Cutting an unknown material risks bodily harm and damage to equipment/facilities.
 
Cutting a bad material in the laser cutter can be dangerous. Only approved materials should be cut, and banned materials should never be placed in or even around the laser cutter. Cutting an unknown material risks bodily harm and damage to equipment/facilities.
  
[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1hcqsFkV4aHuBDUGRR3EMf2EvZ3JzLvBElitJjpwiENA/edit For speed and power settings with different materials, please look at and contribute to this shared spreadsheet.]
+
=== Approved materials ===
  
=== Approved materials ===
 
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Name !! Notes !! Warnings
 
! Name !! Notes !! Warnings
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Acrylic (aka Plexiglas, Lucite, PMMA)</div> || Cuts well, leaves a smooth polished edge. Higher powers can leave smoke/scorch marks along edges. Some people remove paper/plastic protection sheets before cutting. ||
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Acrylic (aka Plexiglas, Lucite, PMMA)</div> || Cuts well, leaves a smooth polished edge. Higher powers can leave smoke/scorch marks along edges. Some people remove paper/plastic protection sheets before cutting. ||
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Cardboard</div> || Cuts well, can catch fire || FIRE hazard!
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Cardboard</div> || Cuts well, can catch fire || FIRE hazard!
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Ceramic</div> || '''Engraving only''' || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Ceramic</div> || '''Engraving only''' || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Cloth (cotton, felt, hemp)</div> || Cuts easily || NO plastic coated or impregnated cloth!
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Cloth (cotton, felt, hemp)</div> || Cuts easily || NO plastic coated or impregnated cloth!
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Corian</div> ||  ||
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Corian</div> ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Cork</div> || Cuts nicely, the quality of the cut depends on the thickness and quality of the cork. Engineered cork has a lot of glue in it, may not cut nicely. ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Cork</div> || Cuts nicely, the quality of the cut depends on the thickness and quality of the cork. Engineered cork has a lot of glue in it, may not cut nicely. ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Coroplast (corrugated plastic)</div> || Difficult to cut through cleanly, due to the ribs. Multiple passes are usually needed. ||   
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Coroplast (corrugated plastic)</div> || Difficult to cut through cleanly, due to the ribs. Multiple passes are usually needed. ||   
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Delrin</div> || Comes in a number of shore strengths (hardness), the harder tends to work better. Great for gears! ||   
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Delrin</div> || Comes in a number of shore strengths ([http://www.matweb.com/reference/rockwell-hardness.aspx hardness]), the harder tends to work better. Great for gears! ||   
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Glass</div> || Has a sandblasted look, green glass works best || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Glass</div> || Has a sandblasted look, #009900 glass works best || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Leather, suede</div> || Leather is very hard to cut, can be if thinner than a belt thickness ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Leather, suede</div> || Leather is very hard to cut, can be if thinner than a belt thickness ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">MDF, engineered woods</div> || May experience a higher amount of charring when cut ||
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">MDF, engineered woods</div> || May experience a higher amount of charring when cut ||
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Magnetic sheet</div> || Cuts easily ||
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Magnetic sheet</div> || Cuts easily ||
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Stone/Granite/Marble/etc.</div> || '''Engraving only''' || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Stone/Granite/Marble/etc.</div> || '''Engraving only''' || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Matte Board</div> ||  ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Matte Board</div> ||  ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Melamine</div> ||  ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Melamine</div> ||  ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Mylar</div> || Works well if it's thin. Thick mylar has a tendency to warp, bubble, and curl || Gold coated mylar will not work
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Mylar</div> || Works well if it's thin. Thick mylar has a tendency to warp, bubble, and curl || Gold coated mylar will not work
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Paper, card stock</div> ||  ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Paper, card stock</div> ||  ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Plywood, composite woods</div> || Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Plywood, composite woods</div> || Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Pressboard</div> ||  ||
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Pressboard</div> ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">NON-CHLORINE Rubber</div> || '''DO NOT CUT''' unless the rubber compound has been tested || '''Beware chlorine-containing rubber!''' If you're not sure, assume you've got chlorinated rubber, and don't cut it.
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">NON-CHLORINE Rubber</div> || '''DO NOT CUT''' unless the rubber compound has been tested || '''Beware chlorine-containing rubber!''' If you're not sure, assume you've got chlorinated rubber, and don't cut it.
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Tile</div> || || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Tile</div> || '''Engraving Only.''' || '''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Wood</div> || Avoid oily/resinous woods || FIRE - Cutting oily woods, or very resinous woods can catch fire.
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Wood</div> || Avoid oily/resinous woods || FIRE - Cutting oily woods, or very resinous woods can catch fire.
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Wood Veneer</div> || Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Wood Veneer</div> || Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Anodized Aluminum</div> ||'''Engraving only.'''  Vaporizes the anodized layer away ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Anodized Aluminum</div> ||'''Engraving only.'''  Vaporizes the anodized layer away ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Bare Metals</div> || ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Bare Metals</div> || '''Engraving only.'''||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Brass</div> || ||
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Brass</div> || '''Engraving only.''' ||
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Coated Metals</div> || || ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Coated Metals</div> || '''Engraving only.''' Vaporizes the coating away || ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Painted Metals</div> || '''Engraving only.''' Vaporizes the paint away ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Painted Metals</div> || '''Engraving only.''' Vaporizes the paint away ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Stainless Steel</div> || ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Stainless Steel</div> || '''Engraving only.''' ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#008000; color:#fff;">Titanium</div> ||  ||  
+
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Titanium</div> ||'''Engraving only.''' ||
 +
|-
 +
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">PolyPropylene Sheet</div> || '''NOT FOAM''' ||
 +
|-
 +
| <div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">PolyStyrene Sheet</div> || '''NOT FOAM''' || Tends to melt; avoid overheating.
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
=== Banned materials ===
 
=== Banned materials ===
These materials should '''never''' be processed in the laser cutter.
+
These materials should '''never''' be processed in the laser cutter. This list is not exhaustive.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Name !! DANGER !! WARNING  
 
! Name !! DANGER !! WARNING  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)</div> || Emits cyanide gas and tends to melt || ABS does not cut well in a laser cutter. It tends to melt rather than vaporize, and has a higher chance of catching on fire and leaving behind melted gooey deposits on the vector cutting grid. It also does not engrave well (again, tends to melt).
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)</div> || Emits cyanide gas and tends to melt || ABS does not cut well in a laser cutter. It tends to melt rather than vaporize, and has a higher chance of catching on fire and leaving behind melted gooey deposits on the vector cutting grid. It also does not engrave well (again, tends to melt).
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Chlorinated plastics (PVC/Poly Vinyl Chloride, vinyl/pleather/artificial leather)</div> || Emits pure chlorine gas when cut! || '''Don't ever cut this material''' as it will ruin the optics, cause the metal of the machine to corrode, and ruin the motion control system. Bubbles yellow, smokes alot, STINKS!!!!!
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Chlorinated plastics (PVC/Poly Vinyl Chloride, vinyl/pleather/artificial leather)</div> || Emits pure chlorine gas when cut! || '''Don't ever cut this material''' as it will ruin the optics, cause the metal of the machine to corrode, and ruin the motion control system. Bubbles yellow, smokes alot, STINKS!!!!!
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Coated Carbon Fiber</div> || Emits noxious fumes || A mix of two materials. Thin carbon fiber mat can be cut, with some fraying - but not when coated  
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Coated Carbon Fiber</div> || Emits noxious fumes || A mix of two materials. Thin carbon fiber mat can be cut, with some fraying - but not when coated  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Fiberglass</div> || Emits fumes || It's a mix of two materials that cant' be cut. Glass (etch, no cut) and epoxy resin (fumes)   
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Fiberglass</div> || Emits fumes || It's a mix of two materials that cant' be cut. Glass (etch, no cut) and epoxy resin (fumes)   
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Galvanized metal</div> || Emits dangerous fumes || Zinc fumes are poisonous. Galvanized metal should never be super heated (so don't weld on it either).  
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Galvanized metal</div> || Emits dangerous fumes || Zinc fumes are poisonous. Galvanized metal should never be super heated (so don't weld on it either).  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Metal</div> ||  || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting#Power_consumption Power needed for LASER to cut metal]
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Metal</div> ||  || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting#Power_consumption Power needed for LASER to cut metal]
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Milk bottles/HDPE</div> || Catches fire and melts || It melts, gets gooey. DON'T. Someone has to clean the hex worktable.
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Milk bottles/HDPE</div> || Catches fire and melts || It melts, gets gooey. DON'T. Someone has to clean the hex worktable.
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Mirrored surfaces</div> || Will not cut, reflects laser beam || Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam, damaging the cutter's interior components. Some mirrored materials can be placed reflective-side down and cut.
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Mirrored surfaces</div> || Will not cut, reflects laser beam || Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam, damaging the cutter's interior components. Some mirrored materials can be placed reflective-side down and cut.
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Polycarbonate/Lexan</div> || Cut very poorly, disbackground-color, catch fire || Polycarbonate is often found as flat, sheet material. The window of the laser cutter is made of Polycarbonate because polycarbonate strongly absorbs infrared radiation! This is the frequency of light the laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. Polycarbonate is a poor choice for laser cutting.   
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Polycarbonate/Lexan</div> || Cut very poorly, disbackground-color, catch fire || Polycarbonate is often found as flat, sheet material. The window of the laser cutter is made of Polycarbonate because polycarbonate strongly absorbs infrared radiation! This is the frequency of light the laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. Polycarbonate is a poor choice for laser cutting.   
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">PolyPropylene Foam</div> || Catches fire || Like PolyStyrene, it melts, catches fire, and the melted drops continue to burn and turn into rock-hard drips and pebbles.
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, etc.</div> || Made of Polycarbonate. ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">PolyStyrene Foam</div> || Catches fire || Like PolyPropylene. It catches fire, it melts, and only thin pieces cut. '''This is the #1 material that causes laser fires!!!'''
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">PolyPropylene Foam</div> || Catches fire || Like PolyStyrene, it melts, catches fire, and the melted drops continue to burn and turn into rock-hard drips and pebbles.  
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Pressure treated wood</div> || Emits dangerous fumes || Should never be burned -- not in your fireplace, and definitely not in our LASER
+
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">PolyStyrene Foam</div> || Catches fire || Like PolyPropylene. It catches fire, it melts, and only thin pieces cut. '''This is the #1 material that causes laser fires!!!'''
 +
|-
 +
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Pressure treated wood</div> || Emits dangerous fumes || Should never be burned -- not in your fireplace, and definitely not in our LASER
 +
|-
 +
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Printed circuit board (FR4 and other material types)</div> ||  ||
 +
|-
 +
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Unidentified plastics/rubbers </div> ||  || If you don't know what it is, don't put it in the LASER cutter
 +
|-
 +
| <div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Plastics from The Yard Store</div> || They do not properly identify their plastics ||
 
|-
 
|-
| <div style="background-color:#D03333; color:#fff;">Printed circuit board (FR4 and other material types)</div> ||  ||
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
== Other resources ==
+
== Links & Other Resources ==
=== On this wiki ===
+
* [http://makeict.org/lasercutter/ Laser Cutter Reservation Calendar]
 
* [[Designing for the laser cutter]]
 
* [[Designing for the laser cutter]]
* [[:Category:SVG files]] practice shapes for first projects
+
* [https://drive.google.com/open?id=1HrwlAdZLoOOKw0-S6kRby9bPNl_fbgo6AaTRcu6Vac8 Laser Authorization Class Slides]
* [[Media:LaserCut_v5.3.zip|LaserCut v5.3]]
+
** [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vCWqg8ivAJMtIyzjX36WSnwlWHAV-vaacEZteQVkDPw/edit?usp=sharing Laser Authorization Class Quiz]
=== External links ===
+
** [https://docs.google.com/document/d/17gjllXoLKLQtmsogXGy8iKY1f2_WG6318IYX68pIxX0/edit#heading=h.81m3irbp3xls Google Doc: Your First Laser Cutter Project]
 +
** [https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B9tsLcc_rWFAS01sWllsUU5aUDQ SVG Files For Laser Classes (Google Drive)]
 +
* [https://drive.google.com/open?id=13BWPzsnGROKjk1pFY5FkqugTAUehY3bJHdTYfOV56gc Rotary Class Slides]
 +
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/tag:lasercut Thingiverse Laser Cut projects]
 
* [http://makezine.com/2011/09/22/identifying-unknown-plastics/ Identifying Unknown Plastics by Make Magazine]
 
* [http://makezine.com/2011/09/22/identifying-unknown-plastics/ Identifying Unknown Plastics by Make Magazine]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilstein_test Beilstein test]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilstein_test Beilstein test]
Line 196: Line 270:
 
* [http://www.chymist.com/Polymer%20Identification.pdf Polymer Identification (PDF) by David A. Katz]
 
* [http://www.chymist.com/Polymer%20Identification.pdf Polymer Identification (PDF) by David A. Katz]
 
* [http://www.nclark.net/Density_Column.pdf Density Column Using Recyclable Plastics]
 
* [http://www.nclark.net/Density_Column.pdf Density Column Using Recyclable Plastics]
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/tag:lasercut Thingiverse Laser Cut projects]
+
[[Category:Laser cutter]]
 
+
[[Category:Fablab]]
== Laser Cutter Authorized Users ==
 
To see authorized users expand this section --->
 
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="">
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
! Name !! Authorization Date
 
|-
 
| [[User:Amy Dorsch|Amy Dorsch]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Paul Sheets|Paul Sheets]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Aaron Rivers|Aaron Rivers]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Anna Lenhart-Murray|Anna Lenhart-Murray]] || 2015-12-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Audrey Barba|Audrey Barba]] || 2015-12-14
 
|-
 
| [[User:Bob Jackson|Bob Jackson]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Bonnie Thurman|Bonnie Thurman]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Brad Cooley|Brad Cooley]] || 2015-11-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Brian Hertz|Brian Hertz]] || 2015-12-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Brock Milford|Brock Milford]] || 2015-12-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Bryan Barr|Bryan Barr]] (instructor) || 2015-08-07
 
|-
 
| [[User:Cat Barba-Abay|Cat Barba-Abay]] || 2015-12-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Charles Griesel|Charles Griesel]] || 2015-12-02
 
|-
 
| [[User:Charlie Fair|Charlie Fair]] || 2015-11-11
 
|-
 
| [[User:Chris Batcheller|Chris Batcheller]] || 2015-12-14
 
|-
 
| [[User:Chris Lofland|Chris Lofland]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Chris Strait|Chris Strait]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Christy Bennett|Christy Bennett]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Christian Kindel|Christian Kindel]] || 2015-12-12
 
|-
 
| [[User:Cindy Conrad|Cindy Conrad]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Cory Kertz|Cory Kertz]] || 2015-11-11
 
|-
 
| [[User:Coty Sandfort|Coty Sandfort]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Curt Gridley|Curt Gridley]] || 2015-12-12
 
|-
 
| [[User:Dale Morrow|Dale Morrow]] || 2016-06-21
 
|-
 
| [[User:Dana Danaver|Dana Danaver]] || 2015-12-05
 
|-
 
| [[User:Daniel Towle|Daniel Towle]] || 2015-12-20
 
|-
 
| [[User:David Graver|David Graver]] || 2016-06-21
 
|-
 
| [[User:David Springs|David Springs]] || 2015-09-19
 
|-
 
| [[User:Dean Day|Dean Day]] || 2015-12-12
 
|-
 
| [[User:Dominic Canare|Dominic Canare]] (instructor) || 2015-12-02
 
|-
 
| [[User:Douglas Stice|Douglas Stice]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Doug Wilson|Doug Wilson]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Dustin Richey|Dustin Richey]] || 2016-01-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Ed Hutson|Ed Hutson]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Eric Sommer|Eric Sommer]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Ernest Sharp|Ernest Sharp]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Gayle Thomas|Gayle Thomas]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Geoffrey Kisch|Geoffrey Kisch]] || 2015-12-05
 
|-
 
| [[User:H. Robert Shultz|H. Robert Shultz]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Helen Haskin|Helen Haskin]] || 2015-12-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Henry Gridley|Henry Gridley]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Ivan Quiroz|Ivan Quiroz]] || 2015-11-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:JaiPal Chauhan|JaiPal Chauhan]] || 2016-06-21
 
|-
 
| [[User:James A Seymour|James Seymour]] || 2015-12-12
 
|-
 
| [[User:James Classen|James Classen]] || 2015-11-11
 
|-
 
| [[User:James Dorsch|James Dorsch]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:James Lancaster|James Lancaster]] || 2015-12-05
 
|-
 
| [[User:James Tennant|James Tennant]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jeremiah Loder|Jeremiah Loder]] || 2015-12-14
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jerry Carpenter|Jerry Carpenter]] || 2015-08-07
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jerry Shubert|Jerry Shubert]] || 2015-11-11
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jesse Lee|Jesse Lee]] || 2016-01-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jim Hammer|Jim Hammer]] || 2015-12-12
 
|-
 
| [[User:Joe Groom|Joe Groom]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Joe Lobdell|Joe Lobdell]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Joel Ewy|Joel Ewy]] || 2015-12-05
 
|-
 
| [[User:jralexan1|John Alexander]] (instructor) || 2015-12-02
 
|-
 
| [[User:John Harrison|John Harrison]] || 2015-10-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jonny Fosnight|Jonny Fosnight]] || 2015-11-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Joseph Woolridge|Joseph Woolridge]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Judah Hansen|Judah Hansen]] || 2015-12-20
 
|-
 
| [[User:Julie Chen|Julie Chen]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Karyn Bell-Simon|Karyn Bell-Simon]] || 2016-01-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Keith Rowley|Keith Rowley]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Kenton Hansen|Kenton Hansen]] || 2015-12-20
 
|-
 
| [[User:Kevin Elledge|Kevin Elledge]] || 2015-12-14
 
|-
 
| [[User:Kim Lujan|Kim Lujan]] || 2015-12-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Kip Landwehr|Kip Landwehr]] || 2015-12-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Kyle McCormick|Kyle McCormick]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Larry Frank|Larry Frank]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Logan Pajunen|Logan Pajunen]] || 2015-11-11
 
|-
 
| [[User:Marc Lujan|Marc Lujan]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Marc Roths|Marc Roths]] || 2016-06-21
 
|-
 
| [[User:Marcus Mosley|Marcus Mosley]] || 2015-12-20
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mark Esau|Mark Esau]] || 2015-12-20
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mark Reuter|Mark Reuter]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Marty Boyzuck|Marty Boyzuck]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Matthew Pewewardy|Matthew Pewewardy]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Melanie Jenney|Melanie Jenney]] || 2015-12-14
 
|-
 
| [[User:Melissa Soutiere|Melissa Soutiere]] || 2015-12-14
 
|-
 
| [[User:Michael Grudowski|Michael Grudowski]] || 2016-05-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mike Barushok|Mike Barushok]] || 2015-12-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mike Doolittle|Mike Doolittle]] (instructor) || 2015-08-07
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mike Hutton|Mike Hutton]] || 2015-11-11
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mike McKown|Mike McKown]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mitzi Trout|Mitzi Trout]] || 2015-12-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Nathan Huff|Nathan Huff]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Paul Poirier|Paul Poirier]] || 2016-03-28
 
|-
 
| [[User:Paul Wilson|Paul Wilson]] || 2015-12-20
 
|-
 
| [[User:Rick Boyd|Rick Boyd]] || 2015-12-20
 
|-
 
| [[User:Sam Jossie|Sam Jossie]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Samuel McConnell|Samuel McConnell]] || 2015-12-02
 
|-
 
| [[User:Samuel Schurter|Samuel Schurter]] || 2015-12-05
 
|-
 
| [[User:Shawn Achenbach|Shawn Achenbach]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Skyler Lovelace|Skyler Lovelace]] || 2015-12-02
 
|-
 
| [[User:Stephan Reckers|Stephan Reckers]] || 2015-11-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Steve Owens|Steve Owens]] || 2016-04-30
 
|-
 
| [[User:Steve Saner|Steve Saner]] || 2016-01-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Stuart Smith|Stuart Smith]] || 2015-12-14
 
|-
 
| [[User:Tammy Arnott|Tammy Arnott]] || 2016-02-27
 
|-
 
| [[User:Terry Weatherson|Terry Weatherson]] || 2016-01-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Thomas Bloom|Thomas Bloom]] || 2015-12-12
 
|-
 
| [[User:Tom McGuire|Tom McGuire]] || 2015-08-07
 
|-
 
| [[User:Turquoise Thomas|Turquoise Thomas]] || 2016-06-21
 
|-
 
| [[User:Tyler Ball|Tyler Ball]] || 2016-01-16
 
|-
 
| [[User:Valerie Lillich|Valerie Lillich]] || 2016-06-21
 
|-
 
| [[User:Weston Vice|Weston Vice]] || 2015-12-05
 
|-
 
| [[User:William Davisson|William Davisson]] || 2015-12-18
 
|-
 
| [[User:Aaron Weaver|Aaron Weaver]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Adam Wiley|Adam Wiley]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Alex Kern|Alex Kern]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Alexander Melton|Alexander Melton]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Bruce Barley|Bruce Barley]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Holly Arnold|Holly Arnold]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jake Ferrell|Jake Ferrell]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jared Stafford|Jared Stafford]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Jess Bechtelheimer|Jess Bechtelheimer]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:John Clark|John Clark]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Kurt Hershey|Kurt Hershey]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Larame Cline|Larame Cline]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Larry Roth|Larry Roth]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Larry Wynn|Larry Wynn]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Michele Pugh|Michele Pugh]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mike Arnold|Mike Arnold]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Mike Brennison|Mike Brennison]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Resha Parajuli|Resha Parajuli]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Stuart Smith|Stuart Smith]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
| [[User:Tim Otter|Tim Otter]] || 2016-06-15
 
|-
 
|}
 
</div>
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:FabLab Equipment]]
 

Revision as of 12:38, 4 August 2019

Rabbit QX-80-1290 Laser engraving/cutting machine
noframe
Rabbit Laser Cutter
Technical Specifications
Bed Size 1200 x 900 mm (47.2 x 35.4 inches)
LASER Power 80W
LASER Type Sealed CO2 laser tube
Max Bed Height ~10 inches
Max Cut Speed 300 mm/s
Max Engrave Speed 600 mm/s
Max Engrave Resolution 1000 DPI
Additional Information
User Manual RL-80-1290_User_Manual.pdf
Website Rabbit QX-80-1290 Product Page

The Laser cutter cuts or engraves digital designs on a variety of materials. Laser cutting is a great way to rapidly prototype projects.

An authorization workshop, hosted by an approved instructor, is required of all members before using the laser cutter. Workshops are posted on the calendar. Peer authorization is not an approved path for use of the laser cutter.

Interfacing with the laser cutter is performed with Lightburn.

The laser cutter does require regular cleaning and alignment. This is to be performed by trained volunteers only.

Usage

Safety

Fire Safety

Laser cutters pose a fire hazard. A high intensity beam of laser light can produce extremely high temperatures as it comes into contact with the materials it is engraving, marking, or cutting. When using the laser cutter, remember:

  1. You may only use the laser cutter if you have been officially authorized according to the machine access policy
  2. Never leave the laser cutter unattended while it was powered on (even if it is not firing)
  3. Never cut materials that you don't know are safe
  4. Never override laser cutter safeties and switches
  5. Know what to do if a fire happens
    1. Move the head out of the way, if it's small.
    2. Hint: Hit the big, red, emergency stop button. This will shutdown the laser and the air supply
    3. A Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fire extinguisher is located next to the laser cutter
    4. Verify it is out and then:
      1. Place a note that a fire occurred and the machine is out of service.
      2. Post on the forum about it, or send an email to fablab@makeict.org
      3. Someone from the laser group will check the machine, clean as necessary, and put it back into service.

Eye Safety

The laser is encased and will not fire unless the doors are shut. Do not bypass any safety lockouts or open panels without consulting the fablab lead first. Lasers can cause serious eye damage, even indirectly through scattered energy.

Air Safety

Many materials give off toxic fumes when cut. Do not cut unapproved, unknown or banned materials on the laser cutter. See the list of approved/banned materials on this wiki


Starting the laser cutter

  1. Press power button and scan your keycard
  2. Make sure the air compressor, blower fans, and chiller are on
  3. Machine will automatically home
  4. Beware of flammable materials while using the machine

Workflow

A detailed step-by-step presentation of LightBurn is available here: Lightburn

  1. On any computer - Create design
    Design step 1: Create your design in your favorite graphics program
    • Do not do your designs on the computers connected to the lasers
    • LightBurn accepts the following file types:
      • Vector: .svg, .ai, .pdf, .dxf, .hpgl, .plt,
      • Raster: .bmp, .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .gif, .tif, .tiff, .tga
      • Project files: .rd, .lbrn
  2. At the laser cutter computer
    1. Check the calendar http://makeict.org/lasercutter to make sure you're not running into a reservation
    2. Start LightBurn

  1. LaserWeb: Files tab
    1. Import your file into laserweb on the "files" tab.
    2. Create setup layers for each speed and power setting
  2. LaserWeb: Comms tab
    1. Turn on the laser cutter with the key switch
    2. Click "connect". If there is a circle slash over "connect", you are probably already connected
  3. LaserWeb: Controls tab
    1. Press Z up to increase distance between laser head and table
    2. Home laser head
    3. Load media into cutter
      Sample of hardboard - Letter shapes are engraved, outline is cut
    4. Jog head to center of media
    5. Auto-focus
    6. Move laser to desired origin
    7. Set Zero
    8. Check Size
    9. Close lid then run job

  1. After cut is finished allow ~30 seconds before opening to vent smoke/fumes

When Finished

  1. Home the head
  2. Remove media and clear debris
  3. Power off

Rotary Axis

If you are using the rotary axis, refer to this page

Troubleshooting Guide

  • Bed only travels downwards
  1. Wiggle the probe and make sure its not jammed
  2. Check to see if the upper z-limit switch is stuck
  3. If none of these work, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • Lines are cutting fuzzier and thicker than normal
  1. Make sure you ran the autofocus
  2. Try focusing the laser cutter by hand if you like and notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • The laser doesn't fire
  1. Open the door and reclose (the door switch might be flakey)
  2. Check the door switch to make sure it is not broken (Close the lid. Look at the power supply. P0 on the power supply is an indicator of it being broken. A0 means it is ok. The power supply is in the left side of the cabinet behind the lower left door would indicate this is the case.)
  • Edges of cut pieces are slanted, rather than straight.
The Laser is out of alignment and needs to be adjusted, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • Fumes are not venting well.
  1. Stop cutting
  2. Ventilation fan needs to be cleaned, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • The head hits the side of the machine. "Hard Limit Prot." error displayed on panel
Head position has been lost and the head has hit a limit switch. Reset the machine. If this continues to happen notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • Can't run file, "Frame Slop" error displayed on panel.
The file is going to run off one of the edges of the machine. Change the starting position and/or resize your file so that it fits on the bed.

Speed and Power Settings

Every material and sometimes even every day is different, but here are some starting points:

Material Power (%) Cut Rate (mm/s)
Plywood - 6mm 50% 15
Cardboard 50% 50
Engraving 2-15% 300


Materials

Cutting a bad material in the laser cutter can be dangerous. Only approved materials should be cut, and banned materials should never be placed in or even around the laser cutter. Cutting an unknown material risks bodily harm and damage to equipment/facilities.

Approved materials

Name Notes Warnings
Acrylic (aka Plexiglas, Lucite, PMMA)
Cuts well, leaves a smooth polished edge. Higher powers can leave smoke/scorch marks along edges. Some people remove paper/plastic protection sheets before cutting.
Cardboard
Cuts well, can catch fire FIRE hazard!
Ceramic
Engraving only Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Cloth (cotton, felt, hemp)
Cuts easily NO plastic coated or impregnated cloth!
Corian
Cork
Cuts nicely, the quality of the cut depends on the thickness and quality of the cork. Engineered cork has a lot of glue in it, may not cut nicely.
Coroplast (corrugated plastic)
Difficult to cut through cleanly, due to the ribs. Multiple passes are usually needed.
Delrin
Comes in a number of shore strengths (hardness), the harder tends to work better. Great for gears!
Glass
Has a sandblasted look, #009900 glass works best Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Leather, suede
Leather is very hard to cut, can be if thinner than a belt thickness
MDF, engineered woods
May experience a higher amount of charring when cut
Magnetic sheet
Cuts easily
Stone/Granite/Marble/etc.
Engraving only Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Matte Board
Melamine
Mylar
Works well if it's thin. Thick mylar has a tendency to warp, bubble, and curl Gold coated mylar will not work
Paper, card stock
Plywood, composite woods
Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood
Pressboard
NON-CHLORINE Rubber
DO NOT CUT unless the rubber compound has been tested Beware chlorine-containing rubber! If you're not sure, assume you've got chlorinated rubber, and don't cut it.
Tile
Engraving Only. Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Wood
Avoid oily/resinous woods FIRE - Cutting oily woods, or very resinous woods can catch fire.
Wood Veneer
Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood
Anodized Aluminum
Engraving only. Vaporizes the anodized layer away
Bare Metals
Engraving only.
Brass
Engraving only.
Coated Metals
Engraving only. Vaporizes the coating away
Painted Metals
Engraving only. Vaporizes the paint away
Stainless Steel
Engraving only.
Titanium
Engraving only.
PolyPropylene Sheet
NOT FOAM
PolyStyrene Sheet
NOT FOAM Tends to melt; avoid overheating.

Banned materials

These materials should never be processed in the laser cutter. This list is not exhaustive.

Name DANGER WARNING
ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
Emits cyanide gas and tends to melt ABS does not cut well in a laser cutter. It tends to melt rather than vaporize, and has a higher chance of catching on fire and leaving behind melted gooey deposits on the vector cutting grid. It also does not engrave well (again, tends to melt).
Chlorinated plastics (PVC/Poly Vinyl Chloride, vinyl/pleather/artificial leather)
Emits pure chlorine gas when cut! Don't ever cut this material as it will ruin the optics, cause the metal of the machine to corrode, and ruin the motion control system. Bubbles yellow, smokes alot, STINKS!!!!!
Coated Carbon Fiber
Emits noxious fumes A mix of two materials. Thin carbon fiber mat can be cut, with some fraying - but not when coated
Fiberglass
Emits fumes It's a mix of two materials that cant' be cut. Glass (etch, no cut) and epoxy resin (fumes)
Galvanized metal
Emits dangerous fumes Zinc fumes are poisonous. Galvanized metal should never be super heated (so don't weld on it either).
Metal
Power needed for LASER to cut metal
Milk bottles/HDPE
Catches fire and melts It melts, gets gooey. DON'T. Someone has to clean the hex worktable.
Mirrored surfaces
Will not cut, reflects laser beam Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam, damaging the cutter's interior components. Some mirrored materials can be placed reflective-side down and cut.
Polycarbonate/Lexan
Cut very poorly, disbackground-color, catch fire Polycarbonate is often found as flat, sheet material. The window of the laser cutter is made of Polycarbonate because polycarbonate strongly absorbs infrared radiation! This is the frequency of light the laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. Polycarbonate is a poor choice for laser cutting.
CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, etc.
Made of Polycarbonate.
PolyPropylene Foam
Catches fire Like PolyStyrene, it melts, catches fire, and the melted drops continue to burn and turn into rock-hard drips and pebbles.
PolyStyrene Foam
Catches fire Like PolyPropylene. It catches fire, it melts, and only thin pieces cut. This is the #1 material that causes laser fires!!!
Pressure treated wood
Emits dangerous fumes Should never be burned -- not in your fireplace, and definitely not in our LASER
Printed circuit board (FR4 and other material types)
Unidentified plastics/rubbers
If you don't know what it is, don't put it in the LASER cutter
Plastics from The Yard Store
They do not properly identify their plastics

Links & Other Resources